Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2016). Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. SMA 16–4984, NSDUH Series H-51). Retrieved from http://www.samhsa.gov/data/.
Grant BF, Saha TD, Ruan WJ, Goldstein RB, Chou SP, Jung J, et al. Epidemiology of DSM-5 drug use disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on alcohol and related conditions–III Bridget. JAMA Psychiatry. 2016;73:39.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bonn-Miller MO, Harris AHS, Trafton JA. Prevalence of cannabis use disorder diagnoses among veterans in 2002, 2008, and 2009. Psychol Serv. 2012;9:404–16.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chen C-Y, Wagner FA, Anthony JC. Marijuana use and the risk of major depressive episode epidemiological evidence from the United States National Comorbidity Survey. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2002;37:199–206.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Metrik J, Jackson K, Bassett SS, Zvolensky MJ, Seal K, Borsari B. The mediating roles of coping, sleep, and anxiety motives in cannabis use and problems among returning veterans with PTSD and MDD. Psychol Addict Behav. 2016;30:743–54.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Seal KH, Metzler TJ, Gima KS, Bertenthal D, Maguen S, Marmar CR. Trends and risk factors for mental health diagnoses among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans using Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care, 2002–2008. Am J Public Health. 2009;99:1651–8.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Teeters JB, Lancaster CL, Brown DG, Back SE. Substance use disorders in military veterans: prevalence and treatment challenges. Subst Abuse Rehabil. 2017;8:69–77.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hoge CW, Auchterlonie JL, Milliken CS. Mental health problems, use of mental health services, and attrition from military service after returning from deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan. JAMA. 2006;295:1023–32.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Degenhardt L, Hall W, Lynskey M. Exploring the association between cannabis use and depression. Addiction. 2003;98:1493–504.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Feingold D, Fox J, Rehm J, Lev-Ran S. Natural outcome of cannabis use disorder: a 3-year longitudinal follow-up. Addiction. 2015;110:1963–74.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Grant BF. Prevalence and co-occurrence of substance use disorders and independent mood and anxiety disorders on alcohol and related conditions. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004;61:807–16.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dierker L, Selya A, Lanza S, Li R, Rose J. Depression and marijuana use disorder symptoms among current marijuana users. Addict Behav. 2018;76:161–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Farris SG, Metrik J, Bonn-Miller MO, Kahler CW, Zvolensky MJ. Anxiety sensitivity and distress intolerance as predictors of Cannabis dependence symptoms, problems, and craving: the mediating role of coping motives. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2016;77:889–97.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Goldman M, Suh JJ, Lynch KG, Szucs R, Ross J, Xie H, et al. Identifying risk factors for marijuana use among veterans affairs patients. J Addict Med. 2010;4:47–51.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Simons JS, Gaher RM, Correia CJ, Hansen CL, Christopher MS. An affective-motivational model of marijuana and alcohol problems among college students. Psychol Addict Behav. 2005;19:326–34.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Baker TB, Piper ME, McCarthy DE, Majeskie MR, Fiore MC. Addiction motivation reformulated: an affective processing model of negative reinforcement. Psychol Rev. 2004;111:33–51.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bonn-Miller MO, Boden MT, Bucossi MM, Babson KA. Self-reported cannabis use characteristics, patterns and helpfulness among medical cannabis users. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2014;40:23–30.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Swendsen JD, Tennen H, Carney MA, Affleck G, Willard A, Hromi A. Mood and alcohol consumption: an experience sampling test of the self-medication hypothesis. J Abnorm Psychol. 2000;109:198–204.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Martens MP, Neighbors C, Lewis MA, Lee CM, Oster-Aaland L, Larimer ME. The roles of negative affect and coping motives in the relationship between alcohol use and alcohol-related problems among college students. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2008;69:412–9.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Swendsen JD, Merikangas KR. The comorbidity of depression and substance use disorders. Clin Psychol Rev. 2000;20:173–89.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Bovasso GB. Cannabis abuse as a risk factor for depressive symptoms. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158:2033–7.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Patton GC, Coffey C, Carlin JB, Degenhardt L, Lynskey M, Hall W. Cannabis use and mental health in young people: cohort study. Br Med J. 2002;325:1195–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Lev-Ran S, Roerecke M, Le Foll B, George TP, Mckenzie K, Rehm J. The association between cannabis use and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychol Med. 2014;44:797–810.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Agosti V, Nunes E, Levin F. Rates of psychiatric comorbidity among U.S. residents with lifetime Cannabis dependence. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2002;28:643–52.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Conway KP, Compton W, Stinson FES, Grant BF. Lifetime comorbidity of DSM-IV mood and anxiety disorders and specific drug use disorders: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on alcohol and related conditions. J Clin PsychiatryJ Clin Psychiatry. 2006;6767:247–57.
Article
Google Scholar
Womack SR, Shaw DS, Weaver CM, Forbes EE. Bidirectional associations between cannabis use and depressive symptoms from adolescence through early adulthood among at-risk young men. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2016;77:287–97.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
De Wit H. Impulsivity as a determinant and consequence of drug use: a review of underlying processes. Addict Biol. 2009;14:22–31.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dawe S, Loxton NJ. The role of impulsivity in the development of substance use and eating disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2004;28:343–51.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Verdejo-Garcıá A, Lawrence AJ, Clark L. Impulsivity as a vulnerability marker for substance-use disorders: review of findings from high-risk research, problem gamblers and genetic association studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2008;32:777–810.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Aston ER, Metrik J, Amlung M, Kahler CW, Mackillop J. Interrelationships between marijuana demand and discounting of delayed rewards: convergence in behavioral economic methods. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016;169:141–7.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Johnson MW, Bickel WK, Baker F, Moore BA, Badger GJ, Budney AJ. Delay discounting in current and former marijuana-dependent individuals. Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology. 2010;18(1):99.
Day AM, Metrik J, Spillane NS, Kahler CW. Working memory and impulsivity predict marijuana-related problems among frequent users. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013;131:171–4.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bidwell LC, Metrik J, Mcgeary J, Palmer RHC, Francazio S, Knopik VS. Impulsivity, variation in the cannabinoid receptor (CNR1) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) genes, and marijuana-related problems. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2013;74:867–78.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lynam DR, Smith GT, Whiteside SP, Cyders MA. The UPPS-P: Assessing five personality pathways to impulsive behavior (technical report). West Lafayette: Purdue University; 2006.
Smith GT, Fischer S, Cyders MA, Annus AM, Spillane NS, Mccarthy DM. On the validity and utility of discriminating among impulsivity-like traits. Assessment. 2007;14:155–70.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Whiteside SP, Lynam DR. The five factor model and impulsivity: using a structural model of personality to understand impulsivity. Pers Individ Dif. 2001;30:669–89.
Article
Google Scholar
Adams ZWZ, Kaiser AJ, Lynam DR, Charnigo RJ, Milich R. Drinking motives as mediators of the impulsivity-substance use relation: pathways for negative urgency, lack of premeditation, and sensation seeking. Addict Behav. 2012;37:848–55.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Derefinko K, Dewall CN, Metze AV, Walsh EC, Lynam DR. Do different facets of impulsivity predict different types of aggression? Aggress Behav. 2011;37:223–33.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Birthrong A, Latzman RD. Aspects of impulsivity are differentially associated with risky sexual behaviors. Pers Individ Dif. 2014;57:8–13.
Article
Google Scholar
Cyders MA, Flory K, Rainer S, Smith GT. The role of personality dispositions to risky behavior in predicting first year college drinking. Addiction. 2009;104:193–202.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Dvorak RD, Day AM. Marijuana and self-regulation: examining likelihood and intensity of use and problems. Addict Behav. 2014;39:709–12.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kaiser AJ, Milich R, Lynam DR, Charnigo RJ. Negative urgency, distress tolerance, and substance abuse among college students. Addict Behav. 2012;37:1075–83.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Zapolski TCB, Cyders MA, Smith GT. Positive urgency predicts illegal drug use and risky sexual behavior. Psychol Addict Behav. 2009;23:348–54.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Anestis MD, Selby EA, Joiner TE. The role of urgency in maladaptive behaviors. Behav Res Ther. 2007;45:3018–29.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Novak BK, Novak KD, Lynam DR, Foti D. Individual differences in the time course of reward processing: stage-specific links with depression and impulsivity. Biol Psychol. 2016;119:79–90.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Robinson JM, Ladd BO, Anderson KG. When you see it, let it be: urgency, mindfulness and adolescent substance use. Addict Behav. 2014;39:1038–41.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gonzalez VM, Reynolds B, Skewes MC. Role of impulsivity in the relationship between depression and alcohol problems among emerging adult college drinkers. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011;19:303–13.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). 2013.
Book
Google Scholar
FMB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, JBW W, First S, Gibbon W. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Non-patient Edition (SCID-I/NP). New York: Biometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute; 2002.
Stephens RS, Roffman RA, Curtin L. Comparison of extended versus brief treatments for marijuana use. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000;68:898–908.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Peters EN, Nich C, Carroll KM. Primary outcomes in two randomized controlled trials of treatments for cannabis use disorders. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011;118:408–16.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Dennis M, Funk R, Harrington Godley S, Godley MD, Waldron H. Cross-validation of the alcohol and cannabis use measures in the global appraisal of individual needs (GAIN) and timeline Followback (TLFB; form 90) among adolescents in substance abuse treatment. Addiction. 2004;99:125–33.
Article
Google Scholar
Sobell L, Sobell M. Timeline follow-back: a technique for assessing self-reported alcohol consumption. In: Psychosocial and biological methods. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 1992. p. 41–72.
Google Scholar
Cyders MA, Littlefield AK, Coffey S, Karyadi KA. Examination of a short English version of the UPPS-P impulsive behavior scale. Addict Behav. 2014;39:1372–6.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gunn RL, Smith GT. Risk factors for elementary school drinking: pubertal status, personality, and alcohol expectancies concurrently predict fifth grade alcohol consumption. Psychol Addict Behav. 2010;24:617–27.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Coskunpinar A, Dir AL, Cyders MA. Multidimensionality in impulsivity and alcohol use: a meta-analysis using the UPPS model of impulsivity. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2013;37:1441–50.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Arbuckle JL. Amos (Version 24.0). 2016.
Google Scholar
Preacher KJ, Rucker DD, Hayes AF. Addressing moderated mediation hypotheses: theory, methods, and prescriptions. Multivariate Behav Res. 2007;42:185–227.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bentler PM. Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychol Bull. 1990;107:238–46.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Browne MW, Cudeck R. Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociol Methods Res. 1992;21:230–58.
Article
Google Scholar
Kline RB. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. 2011.
Google Scholar
Johnson KA, Bonn-Miller MO, Leyro TM, Zvolensky MJ. Anxious arousal and Anhedonic depression symptoms and the frequency of current marijuana use: testing the mediating role of marijuana-use coping motives among active users. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2009;70:543–50.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Buckner JD, Zvolensky MJ. Cannabis and related impairment: the unique roles of Cannabis use to cope with social anxiety and social avoidance. Am J Addict. 2014;23:598–603.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bujarski SJ, Norberg MM, Copeland J. The association between distress tolerance and cannabis use-related problems: the mediating and moderating roles of coping motives and gender. Addict Behav. 2012;37:1181–4.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wardell JD, Strang NM, Hendershot CS. Negative urgency mediates the relationship between childhood maltreatment and problems with alcohol and cannabis in late adolescence. Addict Behav. 2016;56:1–7.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Fischer S, Smith GT. Binge eating, problem drinking, and pathological gambling: linking behavior to shared traits and social learning. Pers Individ Dif. 2008;44:789–800.
Article
Google Scholar
King KM, Karyadi KA, Luk JW, Patock-Peckham JA. Dispositions to rash action moderate the associations between concurrent drinking, depressive symptoms, and alcohol problems during emerging adulthood. Psychol Addict Behav. 2011;25:446–54.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Magid V, Colder CR. The UPPS impulsive behavior scale: factor structure and associations with college drinking. Pers Individ Dif. 2007;43:1927–37.
Article
Google Scholar
Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Walters EE. Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62:617–27.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kessler RC, Heeringa SG, Stein MB, Colpe LJ, Fullerton CS, Hwang I, et al. Thirty-day prevalence of DSM-IV mental disorders among nondeployed soldiers in the US Army. JAMA Psychiatry. 2014;71:504.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Searles JS, Helzer JE, Rose GL, Badger GJ. Concurrent and retrospective reports of alcohol consumption across 30, 90 and 366 days: interactive voice response compared with the timeline follow back. J Stud Alcohol. 2002;63:352–62.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Carey KB. Reliability and validity of the time-line follow-back interview among psychiatric outpatients: a preliminary report. Psychol Addict Behav. 1997;11:26–33.
Article
Google Scholar