American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. 5th ed. Arlington: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
Google Scholar
Lis S, Bohus M. Social interaction in borderline personality disorder. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2013;15:338. doi:10.1007/s11920-012-0338-z.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schmahl C, Herpertz S, Bertsch K, Ende G, Flor H, Kirsch P, et al. Mechanisms of disturbed emotion processing and social interaction in borderline personality disorder: state of knowledge and research agenda of the German clinical research unit. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul. 2014;1:1–17. doi:10.1186/2051-6673-1-12.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Renneberg B, Herm K, Hahn A, Staebler K, Lammers CH, Roepke S. Perception of social participation in borderline personality disorder. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2012;19:473–80. doi:10.1002/cpp.772.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Staebler K, Helbing E, Rosenbach C, Renneberg B. Rejection sensitivity and borderline personality disorder. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2011;18:275–83. doi:10.1002/cpp.705.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Domsalla M, Koppe G, Niedtfeld I, Vollstadt-Klein S, Schmahl C, Bohus M, et al. Cerebral processing of social rejection in patients with borderline personality disorder. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2014;9:1789–97. doi:10.1093/scan/nst176.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bungert M, Liebke L, Thome J, Haeussler K, Bohus M, Lis S. Rejection sensitivity and symptom severity in patients with borderline personality disorder: effects of childhood maltreatment and self-esteem. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul. 2015;2:4. doi:10.1186/s40479-015-0025-x.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gutz L, Renneberg B, Roepke S, Niedeggen M. Neural processing of social participation in borderline personality disorder and social anxiety disorder. J Abnorm Psychol. 2015;124:421–31. doi:10.1037/a0038614.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
De Panfilis C, Riva P, Preti E, Cabrino C, Marchesi C. When social inclusion is not enough: implicit expectations of extreme inclusion in borderline personality disorder. Personal Disord. 2015;6(4):301–9. doi:10.1037/per0000132.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hess YD, Pickett CL. Social rejection and self- versus other-awareness. J Exp Soc Psychol. 2010;46:453–6. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2009.12.004.
Article
Google Scholar
Twenge JM, Catanese KR, Baumeister RF. Social exclusion and the deconstructed state: time perception, meaninglessness, lethargy, lack of emotion, and self-awareness. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2003;85:409–23. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.3.409.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Greenberg J, Musham C. Avoiding and seeking self-focused attention. J Res Pers. 1981;15:191–200. doi:10.1016/0092-6566(81)90018-0.
Article
Google Scholar
Carver CS, Scheier MF. On the self-regulation of behavior. New York: Cambridge University Press; 1998.
Book
Google Scholar
Duval TS, Silvia PJ. Self-awareness and causal attribution: a dual systems theory. Boston: Kluwer; 2001.
Book
Google Scholar
Silvia PJ, Duval TS. Self-awareness, self-motives, and self-motivation. In: Wright RA, Greenberg J, Brehm SS, editors. Motivational analyses of social behavior. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 2004. p. 57–75.
Google Scholar
Vieth AZ, Strauman TJ, Kolden GG, Woods TE, Michels JL, Klein MH. Self-System Therapy (SST): a theory-based psychotherapy for depression. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 2003;10:245–68. doi:10.1093/clipsy.bpg023.
Article
Google Scholar
Lynum LI, Wilberg T, Karterud S. Self-esteem in patients with borderline and avoidant personality disorders. Scand J Psychol. 2008;49:469–77. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2008.00655.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rüsch N, Lieb K, Göttler I, Hermann C, Schramm E, Richter H, et al. Shame and implicit self-concept in women with borderline personality disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164:500–8. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.164.3.500.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lieb K, Zanarini MC, Schmahl C, Linehan MM, Bohus M. Borderline personality disorder. Lancet. 2004;364:453–61. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)16770-6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kopala-Sibley DC, Zuroff DC, Russell JJ, Moskowitz DS, Paris J. Understanding heterogeneity in borderline personality disorder: differences in affective reactivity explained by the traits of dependency and self-criticism. J Abnorm Psychol. 2012;121:680–91. doi:10.1037/a0028513.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Russell JJ, Moskowitz DS, Zuroff DC, Sookman D, Paris J. Stability and variability of affective experience and interpersonal behavior in borderline personality disorder. J Abnorm Psychol. 2007;116:578–88. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.116.3.578.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Loranger AW. International personality disorder examination (IPDE): DSM-IV and ICD-10 modules. Odessa: Psychological Assessment Resources; 1999.
Google Scholar
Wittchen HU, Wunderlich U, Gruschwitz S. SKID. Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview für DSM-IV Achse I. Göttingen: Hogrefe; 1997.
Google Scholar
Bohus M, Kleindienst N, Limberger MF, Stieglitz RD, Domsalla M, Chapman AL, et al. The short version of the Borderline Symptom List (BSL-23): development and initial data on psychometric properties. Psychopathology. 2009;42:32–9. doi:10.1159/000173701.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Winter D, Herbert C, Koplin K, Schmahl C, Bohus M, Lis S. Negative evaluation bias for positive self-referential information in borderline personality disorder. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0117083. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117083.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lazarus RS. Emotion and adaptation. New York: Oxford University Press; 1991.
Google Scholar
Clark DM, Wells A. A cognitive model of social phobia. In: Heimberg R, Liebowitz M, Hope DA, Schneier FR, editors. Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment and treatment. New York: Guilford Press; 1995. p. 69–93.
Google Scholar
Spurr JM, Stopa L. Self-focused attention in social phobia and social anxiety. Clin Psychol Rev. 2002;22:947–75. doi:10.1016/S0272-7358(02)00107-1.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schultz LT, Heimberg RG. Attentional focus in social anxiety disorder: potential for interactive processes. Clin Psychol Rev. 2008;28:1206–21. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2008.04.003.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bögels SM, Lamers CT. The causal role of self-awareness in blushing-anxious, socially-anxious and social phobics individuals. Behav Res Ther. 2002;40:1367–84. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00096-1.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Burgio KL, Merluzzi TV, Pryor JB. Effects of performance expectancy and self-focused attention on social interaction. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1986;50:1216–21. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.50.6.1216.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Woody SR. Effects of focus of attention on anxiety levels and social performance of individuals with social phobia. J Abnorm Psychol. 1996;105:61–9. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.105.1.61.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brockner J, Wallnau LB. Self-esteem, anxiety, and the avoidance of self-focused attention. J Res Pers. 1981;15:277–91. doi:10.1016/0092-6566(81)90026-X.
Article
Google Scholar
Borgmann E, Kleindienst N, Vocks S, Dyer A. Standardized mirror confrontation: body-related emotions, cognitions and level of dissociation in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder after childhood sexual abuse. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul. 2014;1:10. doi:10.1186/2051-6673-1-10.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dyer A, Borgmann E, Feldmann REJ, Kleindienst N, Priebe K, Bohus M, et al. Body image disturbance in patients with borderline personality disorder: impact of eating disorders and perceived childhood sexual abuse. Body Image. 2013;10:220–5. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.12.007.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kleindienst N, Priebe K, Borgmann E, Cornelisse S, Krüger A, Ebner-Priemer U, et al. Body self-evaluation and physical scars in patients with borderline personality disorder: an observational study. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul. 2014;1:1–10. doi:10.1186/2051-6673-1-2.
Article
Google Scholar
Rusch N, Holzer A, Hermann C, Schramm E, Jacob GA, Bohus M, et al. Self-stigma in women with borderline personality disorder and women with social phobia. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2006;194:766–73. doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000239898.48701.dc.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sansone RA, Chu JW, Wiederman MW. Body image and borderline personality disorder among psychiatric inpatients. Compr Psychiatry. 2010;51:579–84. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.04.001.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Witthoft M, Borgmann E, White A, Dyer A. Body-related attentional biases in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder resulting from childhood sexual abuse with and without co-occurring borderline personality disorder. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2015;46:72–7. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2014.07.010.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Arndt J, Goldenberg JL. From self-awareness to shame-proneness: evidence of causal sequence among women. Self Identity. 2004;3:27–37. doi:10.1080/13576500342000022.
Article
Google Scholar
Dickerson SS, Gruenewald TL, Kemeny ME. When the social self is threatened: shame, physiology, and health. J Pers. 2004;72:1191–216. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00295.x.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chapman AL, Walters KN, Gordon KL. Emotional reactivity to social rejection and negative evaluation among persons with borderline personality features. J Pers Disord. 2014;28:720–33. doi:10.1521/pedi_2012_26_068.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chapman AL, Dixon-Gordon KL, Butler SM, Walters KN. Emotional reactivity to social rejection versus a frustration induction among persons with borderline personality features. Personal Disord. 2015;6:88–96. doi:10.1037/per0000101.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wegner DM, Giuliano T. Arousal-induced attention to self. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1980;38:719–26. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.38.5.719.
Article
Google Scholar