Table 2 Descriptive statistics of the BAS in the whole sample

1. Financial problems

1.92

1.15

.575

-.896

.93

.433

2. Missed work/school

2.00

1.14

.347

-.991

.92

.560

3. Difficulty concentrating

2.95

1.01

-.585

-.668

.92

.698

4. Change personal plans

2.71

1.16

-.333

-1.218

.92

.680

5. Reduced leisure time

2.82

1.07

-.416

-1.005

.92

.704

6. Upset household routine

2.86

1.06

-.517

-.803

.92

.718

7. Less time for friends

2.67

1.10

-.291

-1.161

.92

.665

8. Neglected family’s needs

2.49

1.02

-.106

-1.023

.92

.713

9. Family friction

2.88

1.01

-.449

-.811

.92

.614

10. Friction with others

1.51

.99

1.081

.497

.93

.512

11. Embarrassed

2.11

1.20

.249

-1.071

.92

.649

12. Guilty for not helping enough

2.54

1.13

-.073

-1.130

.92

.569

13. Guilty for causing illness

2.29

1.19

.085

-1.164

.92

.590

14. Resented demands

2.12

1.11

.096

-.843

.92

.635

15. Felt trapped

2.67

1.17

-.354

-1.031

.92

.711

16. Upset about relative’s change

2.76

1.11

-.474

-.765

.92

.624

17. Worry about making illness worse

2.67

1.10

-.281

-1.010

.92

.578

18. Worry about the future

3.70

.64

-2.594

8.014

.93

.481

19. Stigma upsetting

2.75

1.11

-.406

-.952

.93

.416