ICD-11 complex posttraumatic stress disorder and subclasses of borderline personality disorder in a South Korean adult population with childhood abuse experiences: a latent class analysis

Table 4 Mean score and differences in childhood abuse, invalidating environment, and attachment styles

		Class 1 (Comorbid) (n = 189)	Class 2 (Externalizing BPD) (n = 53)	Class 3 (Avoidant BPD) (n = 137)	Class 4 (Low Symptoms) (n = 120)	Chi-Square	Post-hoc
Childhood abuse	Physical abuse	8.00	3.32	4.34	2.74	257.17	1 > 3 > 2,4
	Emotional abuse	8.66	3.86	5.68	2.98	306.65	1 > 3 > 2,4
	Sexual abuse	6.87	1.67	1.60	0.57	331.83	1 > 2,3 > 4
	Physical neglect	7.83	4.78	5.19	3.30	244.58	1 > 2,3 > 4
	Emotional neglect	7.89	8.09	8.34	7.08	5.18	3 > 4
Invalidating environment	Maternal	26.23	18.31	19.69	15.42	198.61	1 > 2,3 > 4
Invalidating environment	Paternal	27.36	18.28	19.38	15.37	206.94	1 > 2,3 > 4
Attachment style	Anxious	65.56	50.28	53.63	37.08	249.28	1 > 2,3 > 4
Attachment style	Avoidant	58.62	54.13	61.30	53.03	15.89	1,3 > 4

*All post-hoc tests, except for emotion regulation, had p-values less than 0.001 (df = 3)

ISSN: 2051-6673