Fig. 1

(a) Relation between child emotional abuse and difficulties in emotion regulation (R² = 0.254); (b) Relation between difficulties in emotion regulation and Borderline Personality Disorder (R² = 0.435); (c) Total effect of the relation between child emotional abuse and Borderline Personality Disorder (R² = 0.225); (c’) Direct effect of the relation between child emotional abuse and Borderline Personality Disorder. Numbers are displayed as regression coefficients (standard error). ***p < .001