Table 3 Results of the principal component analysis (PCA) using the five-factor solution (R² = 0.68) with oblimin rotation and Kaiser normalization

13* People in my family looked out for each other.

− 0.785

28* My family was a source of strength and support.

− 0.784

19* People in my family felt close to each other.

− 0.778

5* There was someone in my family who helped me feel that I was important or special.

− 0.726

7* I felt loved.

− 0.724

2* I knew that there was someone to take care of me and protect me.

− 0.618

4 My parents were too drunk or high to take care of the family.

0.432

20 Someone tried to touch me in a sexual way, or tried to make me touch him/her.

0.963

24 Someone molested me.

0.941

27 I believe that I was sexually abused.

0.939

23 Someone tried to make me do sexual things or watch sexual things.

0.912

21 Someone threatened to hurt me or tell lies about me unless I did something sexual with them.

0.725

9 I got hit so hard by someone in my family that I had to see a doctor or go to the hospital.

0.866

17 I got hit or beaten so badly that it was noticed by someone like a teacher, neighbour, or doctor.

0.835

11 People in my family hit me so hard that it left me with bruises or marks.

0.811

12 I was punished with a belt, a board, a cord, or some other hard object.

0.699

15 I believe that I was physically abused.

0.625

6 I had to wear dirty clothes.

− 0.822

1 I didn’t have enough to eat.

− 0.666

26* There was someone to take me to the doctor if I needed it.

0.611

3 People in my family called me things like ‘‘stupid,’’ ‘‘lazy,’’ or “ugly”.

0.729

14 People in my family said hurtful or insulting things to me.

0.700

25 I believe I was emotionally abused.

0.598

18 I felt that someone in my family hated me.

0.553

8 I thought that my parents wished I had never been born.

0.422