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Table 1 Bivariate baseline predictors of Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) over 24 years of prospective follow-up

From: Course and predictors of social security disability insurance in patients with borderline personality disorder over 24 years of prospective follow-up

 

% (N)

Mean (SD)

RRR

Z

P

95% CI

Demographic Characteristics

 26 Years Old or Older at Index Admission (median age = 26)

44.48(129)

 

1.26

4.91

 < .001

1.14, 1.38

 Gender (Male)

19.66(57)

 

0.96

-0.62

.532

0.56, 1.08

 Race (Non-White)

12.76(37)

 

1.13

2.01

.045

1.00, 1.28

Treatment History

 Age of Onset of Symptoms

 

10.83(5.28)

1.00

-0.57

.571

0.99, 1.01

 Age of First Treatment

 

17.26(6.18)

1.00

0.70

.486

1.00, 1.01

 Presence of Prior Hospitalizations

78.62(228)

 

1.26

4.35

 < .001

1.13, 1.39

Pathological Childhood Experiences

 Presence of Sexual Abuse

62.41(181)

 

1.04

3.94

 < .001

1.02, 1.06

 Severity of Other Forms of Abuse

 

7.28(5.34)

1.08

3.71

 < .001

1.04, 1.13

 Severity of Neglect

 

14.68(10.66)

1.01

3.73

 < .001

1.00, 1.01

 Presence of Early Childhood Separations

34.48(100)

 

1.00

0.57

.568

0.99, 1.02

 Presence of Parental Divorce

40.00(116)

 

1.02

0.40

.689

0.93, 1.12

Childhood Experiences/Risk Factors

 Lower Childhood Competence

 

7.63(3.96)

0.99

-2.34

.019

0.99, 1.00

 Number of Positive Relationships

 

7.23(4.11)

0.99

-1.82

.069

0.98, 1.00

 Lower Parental Competence

 

17.67(7.29)

0.99

-2.71

.007

0.97, 1.00

 Lower IQ

 

104.16(11.96)

0.99

-8.13

 < .001

0.98, 0.99

 Presence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

27.59(80)

 

1.09

1.75

.081

0.99, 1.21

Lifetime Axis I Disorders

 History of Mood Disorder

96.90(381)

 

1.10

0.90

.367

0.89, 1.37

 History of Substance Use Disorder

62.07(108)

 

1.00

-0.01

.993

0.91, 1.10

 History of PTSD

58.28(169)

 

1.22

4.16

 < .001

1.11, 1.34

 History of Another Anxiety Disorder

69.31(201)

 

1.11

2.24

.025

1.01, 2.23

 History of Eating Disorder

53.79(156)

 

1.08

1.69

.090

0.99, 1.18

Aspects of Temperament

 Neuroticism

 

35.08(7.02)

1.01

2.65

.008

1.00, 1.01

 Extraversion

 

22.59(6.97)

0.99

-1.52

.127

0.99, 1.00

 Openness

 

29.81(6.62)

0.99

-2.82

.005

0.98, 1.00

 Agreeableness

 

30.35(6.72)

0.99

-2.38

.017

0.99, 1.00

 Conscientiousness

 

28.56(7.77)

1.00

1.15

.251

1.00, 1.01

Adult Adversity

 Presence of Adult Rape History

31.38(91)

 

1.14

2.74

.006

1.04, 1.26

 Presence of Physically Violent Partner

71.72(208)

 

1.18

3.09

.002

1.06, 1.31

  1. Predicted was the course (presence per wave) of utilization of SSDI. Age: binary variable (older than 26 years at baseline). Hospitalization: Number of prior hospitalizations at baseline. Severity Abuse: Severity of emotional, verbal, and physical abuse
  2. IQ Lower level of intelligence at baseline, PTSD Presence of DSM-III-R diagnosis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, SSDI Social Security Disability Insurance. Analysis controlled for Global Assessment of Functioning at baseline