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Table 2 Differences in clinical characteristics between adolescents with different number of BPD criteria fulfilled

From: Sub-threshold or full-syndrome borderline personality disorder in adolescents with recurrent self-harm – distinctly or dimensionally different?

 

Total

sample

Without BPD

BPD

χ2/t-test

Phi/

Cohen's d

p

F

Multiple comparisons ANOVA Posthoc test, Sig

  

Few-if-any BPD

Sub- thres hold

BPD

full-

syndrome BPD

   
  

0–2

Criteria

3–4

Criteria

5–9 Criteria

    

0–2 vs 3–4

criteria

0–2 vs 5–9

criteria

3–4 vs 5–9

criteria

 

N = 103

n = 53 (51.4)

n = 21 (20.4)

n = 29 (28.2)

       

Age, mean years (SD)

15.9 (1.5)

15.7 (1.5)

16.0 (1.3)

16.2 (1.4)

1.4

0.320

0.887

1.4

   

Current DSM-5 diagnosesa

    Mood Disorder, any (%)

87 (84.5)

41 (77.4)

18 (85.7)

28 (96.6)

4.5

0.209

0.037

2.1

   

    Anxiety Disorder, any (%)

76 (73.8)

34 (64.2)

18 (85.7)

24 (82.8)

1.7

0.128

0.223

2.7

   

    Number of DSM-5 diagnoses, mean (SD)b

3.2 (1.6)

2.6 (1.5)

4.0 (1.0)

3.9 (1.5)

2.5

0.641

0.014

12.2

*

**

 

Self-harm characteristics

    Age of self-harm onset, yrs, mean (SD)

13.1 (1.8)

13.3 (1.8)

13.0 (1.7)

12.9 (1.9)

-1.9

-0.174

0.061

0.6

   

    Duration of self-harm, yrs, mean (SD)

2.8 (2.1)

2.3 (2.1)

3.0 (1.7)

3.3 (1.9)

2.5

0.395

0.012

2.6

   

    Number of NSSI episodes, l i fetime, median (IQR)

50 (126)

26.0 (127)

50.0 (146)

91.0 (172)

1.7

0.279

0.095

1.0

   

    Number of self-harm methods, mean (SD)

2.7 (1.6)

2.4 (1.2)

2.4 (1.4)

3.3 (2.1)

2.3

0.609

0.028

3.9

 

*

 

    Number of suicide attempts, l i fetime, median (IQR)

0.0 (2.0)

0.0 (1.0)

1.0 (1.0)

2.0 (5.0)

2.3

0.703

0.025

5.1

 

*

 

    Suicide attempt, any n (%)

50 (48.5)

21 (39.6)

11 (52.4)

18 (62.1)

2.3

0.169

0.086

2.3

   

Level of psychopathological distress

    Borderline symptoms (BSL-23), mean (SD) (n = 101)

35.1 (23.1)

28.7 (21.5)

32.7 (20.3)

49.7 (22.2)

3.1

0.930

0.003

8.8

 

**

*

    Emotional regulation difficulties (DERS), mean (SD), (n = 98)

108.1 (26.9)

101.2 (26.0)

101.7 (24.4)

127.6 (21.1)

4.0

1.077

 < 0.001

10.7

 

**

*

    Impulsivity (Bi S-Brief), mean (SD) (n = 99)

18.0 (5.9)

15.9 (5.3)

19.7 (5.5)

21.0 (5.7)

2.7

0.722

0.008

8.9

*

**

 

    Suicide ideation (SIQ-jr), mean (SD) (n = 99)

35.3 (22.6)

32.8 (21.4)

27.3 (18.0)

46.2 (24.6)

2.2

0.693

0.027

5.2

 

*

*

    Depression (MADRS), mean (SD) (n = 98)

20.1 (8.4)

18.8 (9.3)

20.7 (7.9)

22.1 (6.7)

0.6

0.331

0.506

1.4

   

    Anxiety symptoms, (SCL6), mean (SD) (n = 102)

8.6 (4.6)

7.6 (4.2)

7.7 (5.2)

11.2 (4.2)

2.6

0.807

0.012

6.6

 

*

*

    Mood and feelings questionnaire (MFQ), mean (SD)

16.0 (6.7)

14.2 (7.4)

15.5 (6.2)

19.9 (3.7)

3.4

0.845

 < 0.001

7.7

 

**

 

    Global functioning (C-GAS), mean (SD)

53.3 (9.2)

57.2 (9.2)

52.0 (7.6)

47.1 (6.3)

-3.9

-1.025

 < 0.000

14.5

*

**

 
  1. SD Standard deviation, IQR Interquartile Range
  2. aNot mutually exclusive categories
  3. b"Number of DSM-5 diagnoses" is summarized without the diagnosis of BPD. NSSI, nonsuicidal self-injury. CGAS, Childrens global assessment scale. Analyzed with Pearson's Chi-square test with Fisher's Exact test, sig. (2-sided), and Independent sample t-test. Effect size: Cohen's d for sample means, Phi for bivariate statistics. ANOVA between groups F-test. ANOVA post hoc test, multiple comarison based on means, with Bonferroni correction
  4. **p < 0.001; *p < 0.05
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Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation

ISSN: 2051-6673