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Table 2 Hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for all-cause mortality, natural and unnatural deaths, and suicides

From: Effect of comorbid ADHD on mortality in women with borderline personality disorder

 

BPD

BPD + ADHD

All-cause mortality

 Rate per 100,000 person-years

442.1 (392.9–497.5)

534.2 (429.1–665.1)

 Model Ia

1 (REF)

1.32 (1.02–1.70)

 Model IIb

1 (REF)

1.16 (0.89–1.50)

Natural death

 Rate per 100,000 person-years

110.5 (87.3–139.9)

80.13 (45.51–141.1)

 Model Ia

1 (REF)

1.06 (0.57–1.98)

 Model IIb

1 (REF)

0.96 (0.51–1.81)

Unnatural death

 Rate per 100,000 person-years

331.6 (289.4–380)

454.1 (358–575.9)

 Model Ia

1 (REF)

1.40 (1.06–1.85)

 Model IIb

1 (REF)

1.22 (0.92–1.63)

Suicide

 Rate per 100,000 person-years

291.5(252.1–337.1)

367.3 (282–478.3)

 Model Ia

1 (REF)

1.32 (0.97–1.80)

 Model IIb

1 (REF)

1.18 (0.86–1.61)

  1. a Adjusted for education categorized into three groups: compulsory school (≤ 9 years of education), high school (10–12 years), and college or university (≥ 13 years), and for year of birth
  2. b Adjusted for education, year of birth, age at their first personality disorder diagnosis, parity, somatic and psychiatric comorbidity, and severity. In the Cox regressions somatic diagnoses A00-B99, M00-M99, O00-O79, O85-O99 and S00-T98 were seen as confounders for 30 days, and C00-D48, D50-D89, E00-E90, G00-G99, I00-I99, J00-J99, and K00-K93 for 1 year. Coexisting psychiatric diagnoses F20-F22, F24-F29, F310-F319, and F43.1 were included as lifelong confounders from the first diagnosis, and F10-F19, F100-F107 F23, F30-F39, and F40-F48 were included as confounders for 1 year after each diagnosis