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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the overall sample divided in three groups

From: Maladaptive behaviours in adolescence and their associations with personality traits, emotion dysregulation and other clinical features in a sample of Italian students: a cross-sectional study

 

NONE (0) N = 29

NSSI-BE (1) N = 88

OTHER (2) N = 62

p-value

Post-hoc

 

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

  

Sex, n (%)

 M

4 (13.8)

11 (12.6)

15 (25.0)

146

 

 F

25 (86.2)

76 (87.4)

45 (75.0)

 

 Age

17.8 (1.0)

17.8 (0.8)

18.0 (0.9)

433

 

 DERS

77.5 (16.2)

97.5 (26.2)

79.0 (19.5)

<.001

(0) vs (1) .001

(1) vs (2) < .001

 CTQ

33.9 (11.0)

37.1 (13.1)

32.6 (7.7)

.014

(1) vs (2) .020

 BIS-11

58.5 (9.0)

64.1 (9.6)

60.3 (11.0)

.011

(0) vs (1) .030

 PHQ-9

5.5 (2.3)

10.9 (5.5)

6.6 (4.0)

<.001

(0) vs (1) < .001

(1) vs (2) < .001

 SCARE

62.2 (9.4)

69.6 (13.0)

61.7 (10.3)

<.001

(0) vs (1) .032

(1) vs (2) .001

 ERQ-CR

5.0 (1.1)

4.6 (1.1)

4.9 (0.9)

.074

 

 ERQ-ES

3.3 (1.2)

3.8 (1.1)

3.5 (1.2)

.106

 

 Separation Anxiety

0.9 (0.7)

1.4 (0.7)

1.1 (0.6)

<.001

(0) vs (1) .001

(1) vs (2) .013

 Anxiousness

1.4 (0.6)

1.8 (0.7)

1.4 (0.6)

<.001

(0) vs (1) .019

(1) vs (2) < .001

 Depressivity

0.7 (0.4)

1.0 (0.6)

0.7 (0.5)

.001

(0) vs (1) .013

(1) vs (2) .005

 Impulsivity

0.8 (0.5)

1.1 (0.7)

0.9 (0.6)

.044

(0) vs (1) .063

 Emotional lability

1.3 (0.7)

1.8 (0.8)

1.3 (0.7)

<.001

(0) vs (1) .001

(1) vs (2) < .001

 Hostility

1.0 (0.5)

1.3 (0.5)

1.0 (0.5)

.002

(0) vs (1) .006

(1) vs (2) .042

 Risk taking

1.0 (0.4)

1.1 (0.5)

1.2 (0.5)

.250

 

Perceptual dysregulation

0.5 (0.4)

0.8 (0.5)

0.6 (0.9)

<.001

(0) vs (1) .009

(1) vs (2) < .001

 Distractibility

0.8 (0.6)

1.3 (0.6)

0.9 (0.6)

<.001

(0) vs (1) .002

(1) vs (2) < .001

 Suspiciousness

1.2 (0.5)

1.4 (0.6)

1.3 (0.5)

.162

 

Victimization by bulling, n (%)

 Yes

9 (31.0)

49 (56.3)

17 (27.9)

.001

 

 No

20 (69.0)

38 (43.7)

44 (72.1)

  1. DERS Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, CTQ Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, BIS Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire, SCARE Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, ERQ Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (−CR Cognitive Reappraisal; −ES Expressive Suppression)
  2. Kruskal-Wallis for DERS total score, CTQ total score, PHQ-9 total score, SCARE total score, Emotional lability, Separation anxiety, Depressivity, Impulsivity, Risk taking, Hostility, Suspiciousness, Distractibility and Perceptual dysregulation
  3. ANOVA for Age, BIS-11 total score and Anxiousness
  4. Chi-Square test for Sex and Victimization by bulling