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Table 3 Characteristics of included studies

From: A systematic review of the factors associated with the course of borderline personality disorder symptoms in adolescence

Author (year)

Country

Study design,BPD assessments

Population

Sample characteristics

Sociodemographic data

Outcome assessment

Barnow et al. (2013) [19]

Germany

Longitudinal,2 assessments

Community, Greifswaldfamily study

N = 381; range 11–18;55.1% female

NR

Structured Clinical Interview forDSM-III-R (SCID-II)1 and SCIDII-forDSM-IV1,2

Bornovalova et al. (2018) [20]

U.S.

Longitudinalcohort study,3 assessments

Community, Minnesotatwin family study

N = 1.080; range 14–24;100% female

95.3% white

Minnesota Borderline PersonalityDisorder Scale (MBPD)1

Dixon-Gordon et al. (2016) [21]

U.S.

Longitudinal,4 assessments

Community, Pittsburghgirls study

N = 113; range 16–18;100% female

Low-income neighborhoods; 65%African American, 35% White; 55%of familes receive public assisstance

Structured Clinical Interview forDSM-IV Personality Disorders(SIDP-IV)2

Ehrenreich, Beron &Underwood (2016) [22]

U.S.

Longitudinal,2 assessments

Community

N = 287; range 14–19;52% female

23.1% African American, 1.6% Asian,61.6% Caucasian, 18.3% Hispanic,5.4.% other

The Mclean Screening Instrumentfor BPD (MSI)1

Greenfield et al. (2015) [23]

Canada

Longitudinal,2 assessments

(In)Outpatient

N = 286; range 12–18;72% female

69.5% Caucasian, 7.5.% AfricanAmerican, 2.2.% Hispanic, 3.1%Aboriginal, 5.3.% Asian, 12.4% other

Abbreviated Diagnostic Interviewfor Borderlines (Ab-DIB)1

Hallquist, Hipwell & Stepp(2015) [24]

U.S.

Longitudinal,4 assessments

Community, Pittsburghgirls study

N = 2.228; range 14–17;100% female

Low-income neighborhoods

International Personality DisorderExamination-Screen (IPDE-S)1

Haltigan & Vaillancourt(2016) [25]

Canada

Longitudinal,4 assessments

Community, McMasterteen study

N = 566; range 13–16;55.5% female

NR

Borderline Personality Features Scalefor Children (BPFS-C)1

Lazarus et al. (2019) [26]

U.S.

Longitudinal,5 assessments

Community, Pittsburghgirls study

N = 2.310; range 15–19,100% female

Low-income neighborhoods; 59.8%Black, 40.2% White; 33.2% of familiesreceive public ssisstance

International Personality DisorderExamination (IPDE-BOR)1

Sharp et al. (2020) [27]

U.S.

Longitudinal,5 assessments

Community

N = 1.042; range 13–18;56% female

31.4% Hispanic, 29.4% White, 27.9%African Americans, 3.6% Asian, 7.7%other; 19.4% reveived mental healthtreatment

Borderline Personality Features Scalefor Children (BPFS-C)1

Stepp, Keenan, Hipwell &Krueger (2014) [28]

U.S.

Longitudinal,6 assessments

Community, Pittsburghgirls study

N = 2.282; range 14–19;100% female

Low-income neighborhoods; 53%African American, 41.2% EuropeanAmerican, 5.8% other;

International Personality DisordersExamination (IPDEBOR)1

Stepp et al. (2014) [6]

U.S.

Longitudinal,4 assessments

Community, Pittsburghgirls study

N = 2.212; range 14–17;100% female

38.9% of families receive publicassisstance

International Personality DisordersExamination (IPDEBOR)1

Stepp & Lazarus (2017) [29]

U.S.

Longitudinal,9 assessments

Community, Pittsburghgirls study

N = 2.344; range 14–22;100% female

Low-income neighborhoods; 53%African American, 41.2% Caucasian,5.8% other

International Personality DisordersExamination (IPDEBOR)1

Strandholm et al. (2017) [30]

Finland

Longitudinal,2 assessments

Outpatient, Adolescentdepression study

N = 218; range 13–19;81.5% female

Low-income neighborhoods; 58.7%minority race; 38.9% of familiesreceive public assisstance

Structured Clinical Interview andScreen (Personality Questionnaire)for DSM-IV PDs1,2

Vanwoerden, Leavitt, Gallagher& Temple (2019) [31]

U.S.

Longitudinal,5 assessments

Community

N = 818; range 16–21;58% female

32% Hispanic, 31.3% White, 27.1%African American, 1.8% Asian, 7.7.%other

Borderline Personality FeaturesScale for Children (BPFS-C)1

  1. 1 self-report instrument; 2 clinical interview; NR not reported