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Table 3 Outcome Measure Estimated Means (M) and Confidence Intervals (CI) at Baseline and Each Subsequent Time Point

From: Dialectical behaviour therapy skills reconsidered: applying skills training to emotionally dysregulated individuals who do not engage in suicidal and self-harming behaviours

Variable

Estimate T1

M (95% CI)

(n = 97)

Estimate T2 M

(95% CI) (n = 87)

Estimate T3

M (95% CI) (n = 74)

Estimate T4

M (95% CIa)

(n = 51)

% change T1 – T4

Dysfunctional Coping (DBT-WCCL)

45.74* (43.85, 47.63)

40.24* (38.11, 42.37)

36.14* (33.95, 38.33)

32.06* (29.65, 34.48)

- 30

DBT Skill Use (DBT-WCCL)

57.28* (53.48, 61.08)

74.14* (69.95, 78.34)

80.26* (75.87, 84.66)

85.55* (80.82, 90.28)

+ 49

Emotion Dysregulation (DERS)

128.83* (124.05, 133.60)

117.26* (112.04, 122.47)

99.76* (94.28, 105.24)

88.16* (82.05, 94.27)

−32

 Nonacceptance

22.02* (20.81, 23.23)

20.12* (18.81, 21.43)

16.34* (14.96, 17.73)

14.41* (12.88, 15.94)

−35

 Goals

19.98* (19.17, 20.79)

18.63* (17.73, 19.52)

16.74* (15.78, 17.69)

15.22* (14.17, 16.27)

−24

 Impulse

21.01* (19.88, 22.15)

19.08* (17.85, 20.31)

16.07* (14.78, 17.36)

13.69* (12.30, 15.09)

−35

 Awareness

19.90* (18.95, 20.85)

17.73* (16.69, 18.77)

15.29* (14.20, 16.39)

13.59* (12.40, 14.80)

−32

 Strategies

29.20* (27.86, 30.54)

26.53* (25.07, 27.99)

19.66* (17.97, 21.36)

19.66* (17.97, 21.36)

−33

 Clarity

16.58* (15.82, 17.34)

15.13* (14.30, 15.96)

13.34* (12.46, 14.21)

11.81* (10.84, 12.77)

−29

Mindfulness (FFMQ)

60.48* (58.09, 62.87)

67.86* (65.23, 70.48)

74.56* (71.79, 77.32)

80.76* (77.78, 83.74)

+ 34

 Observe

12.42* (11.67, 13.17)

13.47* (12.67, 14.27)

14.74* (13.91, 15.56)

15.18* (14.30, 16.06)

+ 22

 Describe

13.92* (13.21, 14.63)

15.18* (14.40, 15.95)

16.54* (15.73, 17.35)

17.88* (16.99, 18.76)

+ 28

 Non-React

10.53* (9.87, 11.19)

12.97* (12.23, 13.71)

14.44* (13.66, 15.21)

15.82* (14.97, 16.67)

+ 50

 Act Aware

12.07* (11.32, 12.82)

13.45* (12.62, 14.28)

14.44* (13.56, 15.32)

16.37* (15.41, 17.33)

+ 36

 Non judge

11.61* (10.87, 12.35)

12.68* (11.85, 13.51)

14.05* (13.18, 14.92)

15.47* (14.50, 16.44)

+ 33

  1. * = p < .001
  2. a95% CI = 95% confidence interval