An eye-tracking study of interpersonal threat sensitivity and adverse childhood experiences in borderline personality disorder

Table 1 Demographic and psychometric information (mean [M] ± one standard deviation [SD]) of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and healthy volunteers (CON)

	BPD (n = 46)	CON (n = 25)	Group comparison
	*M ± SD*	*M ± SD*	t or U	p
Age (years)	28.6 ± 7.5	26.4 ± 5.5	1.27	.209
Intelligence (RAVEN)	112.0 ± 11.1	113.9 ± 9.7	−0.70	.486
Adverse Childhood Experiences (CTQ)
Sum Score^a	61.4 ± 19.4	32.0 ± 7.8	96.50	< .001
Emotional Abuse^a	17.2 ± 5.5	7.4 ± 3.3	95.00	< .001
Physical Abuse	8.3 ± 4.5	5.6 ± 1.4	266.50	< .001
Sexual Abuse	9.1 ± 6.5	5.1 ± 0.3	300.00	< .001
Emotional Neglect	16.7 ± 6.4	8.0 ± 3.1	162.50	< .001
Physical Neglect	9.6 ± 3.6	5.9 ± 1.7	199.50	< .001
Borderline Symptomatology (BSL-23)^b	1.6 ± 0.8	0.2 ± 0.3	37.00	< .001
Depressiveness (BDI-II)^{b, c}	23.4 ± 10.6	3.0 ± 5.0	39.50	< .001
Trait Anxiety (STAI)^b	62.1 ± 7.4	33.2 ± 8.2	15.03	< .001
Emotional Dysregulation (DERS)^a	128.5 ± 20.0	62.8 ± 16.2	14.04	< .001
Current Comorbid Axis I Disorders (lifetime)
Affective Disorders	18 (36)	0 (0)
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder	8 (13)	0 (0)
Other Anxiety Disorders	25 (29)	0 (0)
Substance Use Disorders	0 (13)	0 (0)
Eating Disorders	12 (24)	0 (0)
Somatization Disorders (current only)	2	0
Adjustment Disorder	0 (0)	0 (0)
Current Comorbid Axis II Disorders (lifetime)
Avoidant Personality Disorder	13 (13)	0 (0)
Antisocial Personality Disorder	2 (2)	0 (0)

Groups were matched with respect to age (in years) and intelligence (IQ scores). RAVEN Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices, CTQ Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, BSL-23 Borderline Symptom List (Short Version), BDI-II Beck Depression Inventory-II, STAI State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, DERS Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale
^a Data of one patient with BPD is missing . ^b Data of two patients with BPD are missing . ^c Data of one healthy volunteer is missing

ISSN: 2051-6673