Table 1 Pre (T1 n = 82), post (T2 n = 48) and follow-up (T3 n = 34) results on measures from battery evaluating Family Connections (FC) from family member participants
| Variable | Pre-FC (T1) | Post-FC (T2) | FU (T3) |
Main effect of time F (df); p partial η 2 |
Main effect of group F (df); p partial η 2 |
Time*group Interaction F (df); p partial η 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | ||||
| BSI | ||||||
| General Severity Index | 41.23 (34.39) | 31.94 (29.43) | 36.44 (27.55) |
4.20 (2,23) p = 0.028* η2 = 0.268 |
0.123 (1,24) p = 0.729 η2 = 0.005 |
1.20 (2,23) p = 0.319 η2 = 0.094 |
| BAS, total | 21.97 (12.45) | 15.92 (11.50) | 14.44 (8.02) |
5.06 (2,17) p = 0.019* η2 = 0.373 |
5.26 (1,18) p = 0.034* η2 = 0.226 |
5.06 (2,17) p = 0.017* η2 = 0.373 |
| Activity limitations | 9.78 (7.38) | 7.21 (6.53) | 6.25 (4.72) |
3.03 (2,20) p = 0.071 η2 = 0.233 |
6.56 (1,21) p = 0.018* η2 = 0.238 |
0.74 (2,20) p = 0.490 η2 = 0.069 |
| Worry and guilt | 8.38 (3.51) | 6.09 (3.24) | 5.44 (2.98) |
11.79 (2,21) p < 0.001*** η2 = 0.529 |
0.05 (1,22) p = 0.830 η2 = 0.002 |
6.35 (2,21) p = 0.007** η2 = 0.377 |
| Social strain | 4.09 (3.41) | 2.80 (2.74) | 2.88 (2.66) |
2.74 (2,21) p = 0.108 η2 = 0.207 |
3.69 (1,22) p = 0.068 η2 = 0.045 |
5.80 (2,21) p = 0.010** η2 = 0.356 |
| Composite score for difficult family climate | 5.01 (3.57) | 3.39 (3.47) | 2.25 (2.63) |
9.37 (2,17) p = 0.002** η2 = 0.524 |
0.84 (1,18) p = 0.373 η2 = 0.157 |
3.39 (2,17) p = 0.058 η2 = 0.285 |
| QAFM | ||||||
| Perceived Criticism | 15.50 (5.52) | 13.85 (4.16) | 12.94 (3.86) |
7.00 (2,21) p = 0.005** η2 = 0.400 |
3.35 (1,22) p = 0.081 η2 = 0.132 |
5.92 (2,21) p = 0.009** η2 = 0.361 |
| Perceived emotional involvement | 11.99 (2.89) | 11.31 (3.00) | 11.71 (2.68) |
2.16 (2,23) p = 0.138 η2 = 0.158 |
5.77 (1,24) p = 0.024* η2 = 0.194 |
0.424 (2,23) p = 0.660 η2 = 0.036 |
| Critical Comments | 23.88 (6.91) | 21.23 (6.99) | 19.84 (6.56) |
3.62 (2,19) p = 0.046* η2 = 0.276 |
0.86 (1,20) p = 0.364 η2 = 0.041 |
4.02 (2,19) p = 0.035* η2 = 0.297 |
| Emotional Over-involvement | 19.21 (4.64) | 17.56 (5.01) | 16.00 (4.13) |
5.68 (2,22) p = 0.010* η2 = 0.341 |
0.254 (1,23) p = 0.619 η2 = 0.011 |
1.71 (2,22) p = 0.204 η2 = 0.135 |
| FCS | ||||||
| Closeness | 4.66 (3.71) | 5.48 (3.38) | 5.71 (3.67) |
0.92 (2,23) p = 0.414 η2 = 0.074 |
1.89 (1,24) p = 0.182 η2 = 0.073 |
3.86 (2,23) p = 0.036* η2 = 0.251 |
| Distance | 0.88 (1.21) | 0.46 (1.01) | 0.50 (0.86) |
0.71 (2,23) p = 0.500 η2 = 0.058 |
1.17 (1,24) p = 0.290 η2 = 0.046 |
1.78 (2,23) p = 0.191 η2 = 0.134 |
| Expressivity / Spontaneity | 0.70 (0.99) | 0.33 (0.48) | 0.32 (0.64) |
4.83 (2,23) p = 0.018* η2 = 0.296 |
0.656 (1,24) p = 0.426 η2 = 0.027 |
2.58 (2,23) p = 0.097 η2 = 0.183 |
| Chaos | 1.79 (1.44) | 1.35 (1.71) | 1.06 (1.35) |
3.95 (2,23) p = 0.034* η2 = 0.256 |
0.216 (1,24) p = 0.647 η2 = 0.009 |
1.17 (2,23) p = 0.327 η2 = 0.092 |
| KIMS | ||||||
| Observe | 35.49 (8.67) | 34.56 (9.65) | 37.00 (9.72) |
0.07 (2,23) p = 0.932 η2 = 0.006 |
0.56 (1,24) p = 0.461 η2 = 0.023 |
4.14 (2,23) p = 0.029* η2 = 0.265 |
| Describe | 26.99 (6.41) | 27.07 (5.82) | 27.84 (6.54) |
1.05 (2,22) p = 0.368 η2 = 0.095 |
2.88 (1,23) p = 0.103 η2 = 0.111 |
1.11 (2,22) p = 0.349 η2 = 0.100 |
| Act with awareness | 29.03 (5.89) | 29.04 (5.04) | 28.85 (5.89) |
0.07 (2,23) p = 0.930 η2 = 0.006 |
0.90 (1,24) p = 0.353 η2 = 0.036 |
0.290 (2,23) p = 0.751 η2 = 0.025 |
| Accept without judgement | 31.28 (7.31) | 33.07 (6.37) | 32.25 (7.67) |
0.66 (2,22) p = 0.527 η2 = 0.062 |
0.95 (1,23) p = 0.340 η2 = 0.040 |
0.42 (2,22) p = 0.665 η2 = 0.40 |
| QOLI | 2.45 (1.61) | 2.66 (1.36) | 2.40 (1.42) |
0.19 (2,20) p = 0.829 η2 = 0.019 |
2.61 (1,21) p = 0.116 η2 = 0.111 |
0.34 (2,20) p = 0.717 η2 = 0.033 |