| |
ADHD
|
Controls
| | |
Controls
| | |
|---|
| |
N = 279
|
N = 87a
|
t
|
p
|
N = 258b
|
t
|
p
|
|
mean
|
sd
|
mean
|
sd
|
mean
|
sd
|
|
ERS
|
Sensitivity
|
22.31
|
8.78
|
16.29
|
8.61
|
5.61
|
< 0.001
|
16.43
|
8.37
|
7.93
|
< 0.001
|
|
Arousal/Intensity
|
15.84
|
7.06
|
13.11
|
6.3
|
3.22
|
< 0.001
|
11.48
|
6.33
|
7.51
|
< 0.001
|
|
Persistence
|
9.23
|
3.78
|
7.26
|
4.03
|
4.18
|
< 0.001
|
7.11
|
3.47
|
6.75
|
< 0–001
|
|
Total
|
47.38
|
18.39
|
36.66
|
17.52
|
4.79
|
< 0.001
|
35.02
|
17.14
|
8.03
|
< 0.001
|
| |
N = 279
|
N = 611c
|
t
|
p
|
n = 32d
|
t
|
p
|
|
mean
|
sd
|
mean
|
sd
|
mean
|
sd
|
|
CERQ
|
Self-Blame
|
11.53
|
3.75
|
8.22
|
2.96
|
14.19
|
< 0.001
|
–
|
–
|
–
| |
|
Acceptance
|
12.83
|
3.38
|
11.01
|
3.53
|
7.23
|
< 0.001
|
12.41
|
3.16
|
0.67
|
0.503
|
|
Rumination
|
12.94
|
3.86
|
10.46
|
3.72
|
9.12
|
< 0.001
|
–
|
–
|
–
| |
|
Positive Refocusing
|
9
|
3.68
|
10.01
|
3.53
|
−3.91
|
< 0.001
|
9.5
|
3.81
|
−0.73
|
0.469
|
|
Refocusing on Planning
|
12.94
|
3.63
|
13.03
|
3.89
|
−0.33
|
0.744
|
13.84
|
3.5
|
−1.33
|
0.183
|
|
Positive Reapraisial
|
12.45
|
3.89
|
12.46
|
4.07
|
−0.03
|
0.972
|
14.56
|
3.9
|
−2.91
|
0.003
|
|
Putting into perspective
|
12.27
|
3.82
|
11.64
|
3.91
|
2.24
|
0.01
|
11.44
|
2.55
|
1.19
|
0.232
|
|
Catastrophizing
|
8.66
|
3.6
|
6.05
|
2.43
|
12.68
|
< 0.001
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
|
Blaming others
|
8.84
|
3.53
|
6.38
|
2.69
|
11.43
|
< 0.001
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
|
Adaptive Strategies Tot.
|
59.49
|
13.29
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
|
Non-adaptive Strategies Tot.
|
41.97
|
10.66
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
| |
N = 279
|
N = 73e
|
t
|
p
|
mean
|
sd
|
t
|
p
|
|
mean
|
sd
|
mean
|
sd
|
|
BES
|
Cognitive
|
32.39
|
3.86
|
37.62
|
3.46
|
−10.52
|
< 0.001
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
|
Affective
|
39.81
|
7.37
|
37.49
|
3.39
|
2.61
|
0.01
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
|
Total
|
72.21
|
9.82
|
75.11
|
10.2
|
−2.22
|
0.03
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
- Means, standard deviation (SD) and comparisons (coefficient and p value) between ADHD and control samples derived from five independent studies for Emotion Regulation Scale (ERS), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and Basic Empathy Scale (BES)
- aNock et al. 2008; bLannoy et al. 2014; cGarnefski et al. 2007; d Daros et al. 2018; e Euler et al. 2017
