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Table 3 Comparisons of ERS, CERQ and BES results between ADHD and control samples

From: Emotion dysregulation in adults suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a comparison with borderline personality disorder (BPD)

 

ADHD

Controls

  

Controls

  
 

N = 279

N = 87a

t

p

N = 258b

t

p

mean

sd

mean

sd

mean

sd

ERS

Sensitivity

22.31

8.78

16.29

8.61

5.61

< 0.001

16.43

8.37

7.93

< 0.001

Arousal/Intensity

15.84

7.06

13.11

6.3

3.22

< 0.001

11.48

6.33

7.51

< 0.001

Persistence

9.23

3.78

7.26

4.03

4.18

< 0.001

7.11

3.47

6.75

< 0–001

Total

47.38

18.39

36.66

17.52

4.79

< 0.001

35.02

17.14

8.03

< 0.001

 

N = 279

N = 611c

t

p

n = 32d

t

p

mean

sd

mean

sd

mean

sd

CERQ

Self-Blame

11.53

3.75

8.22

2.96

14.19

< 0.001

 

Acceptance

12.83

3.38

11.01

3.53

7.23

< 0.001

12.41

3.16

0.67

0.503

Rumination

12.94

3.86

10.46

3.72

9.12

< 0.001

 

Positive Refocusing

9

3.68

10.01

3.53

−3.91

< 0.001

9.5

3.81

−0.73

0.469

Refocusing on Planning

12.94

3.63

13.03

3.89

−0.33

0.744

13.84

3.5

−1.33

0.183

Positive Reapraisial

12.45

3.89

12.46

4.07

−0.03

0.972

14.56

3.9

−2.91

0.003

Putting into perspective

12.27

3.82

11.64

3.91

2.24

0.01

11.44

2.55

1.19

0.232

Catastrophizing

8.66

3.6

6.05

2.43

12.68

< 0.001

Blaming others

8.84

3.53

6.38

2.69

11.43

< 0.001

Adaptive Strategies Tot.

59.49

13.29

Non-adaptive Strategies Tot.

41.97

10.66

 

N = 279

N = 73e

t

p

mean

sd

t

p

mean

sd

mean

sd

BES

Cognitive

32.39

3.86

37.62

3.46

−10.52

< 0.001

Affective

39.81

7.37

37.49

3.39

2.61

0.01

Total

72.21

9.82

75.11

10.2

−2.22

0.03

  1. Means, standard deviation (SD) and comparisons (coefficient and p value) between ADHD and control samples derived from five independent studies for Emotion Regulation Scale (ERS), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and Basic Empathy Scale (BES)
  2. aNock et al. 2008; bLannoy et al. 2014; cGarnefski et al. 2007; d Daros et al. 2018; e Euler et al. 2017