Emotion dysregulation in adults suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a comparison with borderline personality disorder (BPD)

Table 1 Clinical and demographic characteristics of ADHD, BPD and comorbid ADHD+BPD patients

	ADHD N = 279		BPD N = 70		ADHD+BPD N = 60		P
	mean or N	sd or %	mean or N	sd or %	mean or N	sd or %	P
Age	35.49	12.86	31.66	9.08	30.29	8.64	0.002
Gender
Female	122	43.73	66	94.29	55	91.67	< 0.001
Civil status^a
Single (vs not single)	130	49.24	36	51.43	33	57.89	0.493
Children^a
0	163	61.74	46	65.71	43	74.14	0.04
1	28	10.61	13	18.57	7	12.07
≥ 2	73	27.65	11	15.71	8	13.79
Job^a
Yes (vs no)	157	61.33	30	42.86	26	48.15	0.01
Years of education^a	15.52	2.86	15.23	3.18	14.78	2.69	0.236
Lifetime comorbidities
Major depressive disorder	122	43.73	58	82.86	39	65.00	< 0.001
Bipolar disorder	6	2.15	7	10	6	10.00	0.002
Anxiety disorder^b	57	20.43	58	82.86	33	55.00	< 0.001
Eating Disorders	10	3.58	14	20	9	15.00	< 0.001
Substance use disorder	70	25.09	24	34.29	24	40.00	0.03
ADHD type
Attentional	109	39.07	–	–	27	46.55	0.508
Hyperactive-impulsive	12	4.30	–	–	3	5.17
Mixte	158	56.63	–	–	28	48.28
Medication
Psychostimulant	36	12.90	1	1.43	7	11.66	0.02
Antidepressant	57	20.43	36	51.43	24	40.00	< 0.001
Antipsychotic	12	4.30	11	15.71	8	13.33	0.001
Benzodiazepine	28	10.03	20	28.57	10	16.66	< 0.001
Mood stabilizer	2	0.72	7	10.00	4	6.66	< 0.001
ASRS v1.1
Inat.	25.23	5.37	22.33	6.38	25.65	5.56	< 0.001
Hyper.	21.23	6.87	19.92	6.49	23.88	7.52	< 0.001
Total	46.47	10.18	42.25	11.31	49.53	10.87	< 0.001
BDI-II	20.79	11.99	34.75	11.65	33.19	9.78	< 0.001

Means, absolute numbers (N), SD, % and comparisons (p-value) between ADHD, BPD, and comorbid ADHD+BPD groups for clinical and demographic characteristics
^a missing values encountered, ^bIncluding: generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social phobia and obsessive-compulsive disorder

ISSN: 2051-6673