Table 2 European recommendations on PD diagnoses
From: European guidelines for personality disorders: past, present and future
Guideline | population | Recommendations |
|---|---|---|
Swiss (2018) | BPD | BPD is diagnosed according to the ICD-10 (11) or DSM-5 criteria and a structured interview (e.g., SCID-II, IPDE) is recommended for the final diagnosis. The dimensional depiction of the psychosocial severity is gaining importance for the treatment plan and should be taken into consideration, e.g., according to criterion A in DSM-5. Differential diagnoses of BPD should be carefully distinguished. Specific symptoms and differential diagnoses can be additionally ascertained with screening instruments (e.g., questionnaires) |
Swedish (2017) | PD | Screening tools, self-report or semi-structured diagnostic interviews are not sufficient for diagnosis. Diagnostic evaluation should be based on the LEAD principles (Longitudinal Expert All Data). Evaluation of general criteria for personality syndrome can be made in all parts of the health care system, while diagnosing specific personality syndromes is a task for the psychiatric specialist services. |
Danish (2016) | BPD | Screening tools should not be used for the identification of potential borderline personality disorder in the primary sector on a routine basis. It is good practice to diagnose patients with borderline personality disorder using a semi-structured clinical personality interview. |
Finnish (2015) | BPD | SCID-II-interview may increase the accurateness of PD diagnosis. |
Catalonia (2011) | BPD | It is recommended as good practice to use a semi-structured clinical personality interview for the diagnosis. Diagnosis preferably from the age of 16 to be restrictive in the diagnosis of the youngest. Make appropriate differential diagnosis to distinguish from other disorders |
German (2009) | PD | Patients with PD should be diagnosed using a (semi)-structured clinical interview. For dimensional rating, disorder-specific self-assessment questionnaires are recommended. Open communication of diagnosis is recommended |
British (BPD) | BPD | Community mental health services should be responsible for routine assessment. |
British (2009) | ASPD | When assessing a person with possible antisocial personality disorder, fully assess: antisocial behaviours, personality functioning, coping strategies, strengths and vulnerabilities, comorbid mental disorders (including depression and anxiety, drug or alcohol misuse, post-traumatic stress disorder and other personality disorders), the need for psychological treatment, social care and support, and occupational rehabilitation or development and domestic violence and abuse. Use structured assessment methods whenever possible to increase the validity of the assessment. In forensic services, use measures such as PCL-R or PCL-SV to assess the severity of antisocial personality disorder as part of the routine assessment process. |
Dutch (2008) | PD | The diagnosis of a personality disorder is preferably based on a combination of a clinical interview and structured interviews. |