Table 1 Epidemiological studies

NSSI predicting BPD

Nakar et al., 2016

Germany; 26 schools – The Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe study

N = 513 (36%); 62% females; Mage = 14.5 years

2 years (3 assessments)

DSH Inventory

SCID-II

(15-item BPD screener and interview)

No;

Mage = 14.5 years at baseline + 2 years

Statistically significant differences on number of BPD criteria scores between low, moderate and high risk NSSI groups (F (2,510) = 1229.584, p < 0.001, η² = 0.828), with a mean of 7.33 BPD criteria for the high-risk group NSSI (overall mean number of BPD criteria = 3.62).

NSSI and suicidal ideation predicting BPD

Scott et al., 2015

USA

N = 1950 (80%), includes 4 cohorts; all females; age at baseline = 5–8 years

6–9 years

1st SI measure at age 10

1st NSSI measure at age 13 both measures assessed until ages 16–19

CSI-4

ASI-4

ASRI-4

SCID-I

IPDE-BOR (screening questionnaire)

No;

Ages 16–19

Those who reported SI-only and SI + NSSI both had significantly more BPD symptoms than those with no SI or NSSI. And the SI + NSSI group reported significantly more BPD symptoms than the SI-only group.

Observed range of BPD scores 0–8;

No SI or NSSI M = 1.2, SD = 1.64;

SI-only M = 2.22, SD = 1.99;

SI + NSSI M = 2.84, SD = 2.05, (F (2,1947)= 70.30, p < .001).