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Table 5 Violent behavior and homicide among DD clinical populations

From: Mental illness and violent behavior: the role of dissociation

Study

Population

N

Violent/homicidal self-states

Severe assault

Any violent behavior

Incarceration

IPV (physical/sexual)

Sexual assault

Childhood maltreatment (physical/sexual)

Homicide

Dell & Eisenhower (1990) [34]a

Adolescents, outpatient, 100% DID

11

64%

N/A

55%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Kluft (1987) [35]a

Mothers, outpatient, 100% DID

75

33.3%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

16%

N/A

Lewis et al. (1997) [40]a

92% male incarcerated homicide defendants, 100% DID

12

N/A

N/A

100%

100%

N/A

N/A

N/A

100%

Loewenstein and Putnam (1990) [36]a

100% male in- and outpatients, 100% DID

21

60%

N/A

47%

47%

N/A

13%

N/A

19%

Putnam et al. (1986) [37]a

92% female in- and outpatients, 100% DID

100

70% (53% internally homicidal)

N/A

29%

N/A

N/A

20%

N/A

19%

Ross and Norton (1989) [38]a

88% female in- and outpatients, 100% DID

236

N/A

N/A

38.3%

38.8%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Webermann et al. (2014) [6]a

94% female outpatients with DID

275

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

3.5%

N/A

N/A

N/A

  1. Timeframe is adult lifetime (except for Dell [1990], which is entire lifespan)
  2. DD dissociative disorder, DID dissociative identity disorder, N/A not applicable (not inquired in the study)
  3. aClinician reports