Table 2 Longitudinal studies of DSH from community and clinical samples (n = 9)
Study | Country | Population | Age at baseline | N | Follow-up period | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Community samples | ||||||
O´Connor et al., 2009 [31] | Scotland | Community sample | Mean age: 15.2 (SD: 0.72), age range: 15–16 years | 500 | 6 months | baseline: 9.5% (12 month prevalence) |
T1: 6.2% (6Â month prevalence) | ||||||
2.6% for the first time | ||||||
3.6% repeaters | ||||||
Lundh et al., 2011 [41] | Sweden | Community sample | Grade 7 and 8 | 879 at both waves | 12Â months | baseline: 45.1% (female) and 37.9% (male) (6Â month prevalence) |
Bjärehed et al., 2012 [42] | ||||||
incidence rate: 10.4% (female), 8% (male) | ||||||
Larsson & Sund, 2008 [33] | USA | Community sample adolescents | Mean age: 13.7 (SD: 0.58), age range: 12–15 years | 2360 | 12 months | baseline: 4.2% |
T1: 12.7% (12Â months) | ||||||
incidence rate: 2.4% | ||||||
Stallard et al., 2013 [43] | UK | Community sample | 12-16 years | 3955 | 12Â months | baseline: 9.6% (6Â month prevalence) |
T1: 10.9% (6Â month prevalence) | ||||||
cumulative: 15% DSH during study period | ||||||
55.1% continued DSH after one year | ||||||
Wichstrom, 2009 [44] | Norway | Community sample adolescents | Mean age: 16.5Â years (SD: 1.9) | 2924 | 60Â months | baseline: 2.4% (lifetime prevalence) |
T1: 2.2% (during follow-up period) | ||||||
9.9% of baseline DSH continued | ||||||
Rossow & Norström, 2014 [32] | Norway | Community sample | Mean age: 16.5, age range: 14-21 | 2647 | 60 months | baseline: 3.2% (12 month prevalence) |
T1: 1.6% | ||||||
stable DSH at both points: 0.30%, decrease in DSH: 2.9% | ||||||
new DSH. 1.3% | ||||||
Moran et al., 2012 [13] | Australia | Community sample | Mean age: 15.9 (SD 0.49) | 1652 (responding to questions of DSH at least once in adolescence and once in adulthood) | 174Â months | first assessment of DSH at wave three (baseline of DSH): 5.1% (12Â month prevalence) |
at wave 9: 0.5% (6Â month prevalence) | ||||||
any self harm during adolescence: 8.3%, any self-harm during young adulthood: 2.6% | ||||||
only cutting/burning: 4.6% in adolescent phase | ||||||
1.2% in young adult phase | ||||||
new DSH in young adulthood: 1.6% remission in young adulthood: 7.4%, continuation in young adulthood: 0.8% | ||||||
Clinical samples/samples from hospitals | ||||||
Hawton et al., 2012 [45] | UK | Individuals presenting with self harm to hospital | 0-18 years | 5205 | 72Â months | Repetition of DSH: 27.3% |
17.1% of self harm epidsodes: self-injury | ||||||
Sinclair et al., 2010 [46] | UK | Clinical sample: self harm patients: 94% self-poisoning, 4% self-injury, 2% both self-poisoning and self-injury | Median age: 28.4Â years | 143 | 74Â months | Further self-harm in 57.4% |
Wedig et al., 2012 [14] | USA | Clinical sample: Patients with Borderline personality disorder | Mean age: 26.9Â years | 231 | 192Â months (16Â years, Tx every 2Â years) | Baseline: 90.3% |
T1: 50.9% | ||||||
T2: 35.3% | ||||||
T3: 28.4% | ||||||
T4: 22.4% | ||||||
T5: 17.7% | ||||||
T6: 23.0% | ||||||
T7: 18.5% | ||||||
T8: 14.3% | ||||||