Table 1 Sleep questionnaire results comparing frequent nightmare sufferers (NM) with healthy controls (HC)

Daytime sleepiness (ESS)

9.53 ± 3.27

7.44 ± 2.68

−1.596

0.03*

0.70

Sleep quality (LISST)

21.04 ± 5.34

15.13 ± 6.10

−2.864

0.004*

1.03

Apnea symptoms (LISST)

5.40 ± 2.59

4.33 ± 0.82

−1.528

0.145

0.57

RLS symptoms (LISST)

7.67 ± 2.06

8.06 ± 3.49

0.381

0.706

0.13

Problems with sleep/wake pattern (LISST)

19.20 ± 6.33

15.69 ± 5.78

−1.615

0.059*

0.58

Insomnia symptoms (LISST)

17.87 ± 4.93

11.75 ± 4.28

−3.697

< 0.001*

1.33

Tiredness during the day (LISST)

15.47 ± 6.63

10.75 ± 4.17

−2.353

0.013*

0.86

Parasomnias (LISST)

18.68 ± 6.60

10.69 ± 4.70

−3.903

< 0.001*

1.40

Sleep quality (SF-B)

3.39 ± 0.59

3.88 ± 0.47

2.603

0.007*

0.92

Feeling of being refreshed (SF-B)

2.59 ± 0.77

3.09 ± 0.83

1.713

0.049*

0.62

Feeling balanced/relaxed in the evening (SF-B)

3.02 ± 0.59

3.69 ± 0.68

2.911

0.004*

1.05

Feeling exhausted in the evening (SF-B)

3.84 ± 0.59

3.94 ± 0.68

0.406

0.344*

0.16

Psychosomatic symptoms while sleeping (SF-B)

1.90 ± 0.73

1.66 ± 0.45

−1.112

0.139*

0.40